Reprinted with permission from Johnson, P.T.J. et al. 1999. The effect of trematode infection on amphibian limb development and survivorship. Science. 284: 802-804. Copyright 1999 AAAS http://www.sciencemag.org
Summary of the effects of proximity to agricultural runoff (sites 1-3 received inputs of contaminants; sites 4-6 had no detectable levels of contaminants) and exposure to trematode infection (exposed and protected) on limb deformities (proportion exhibiting limb deformities), survival (proportion reaching metamorphosis), and mass (mass at metamorphosis) of wood frogs raised in field enclosures. From Kiesecker, J.M. 2002. Synergism between trematode infection and pesticide exposure: A link to amphibian limb deformities in nature? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99: 9900-9904. Copyright 2002 National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.
From Kiesecker, J.M. 2002. Synergism between trematode infection and pesticide exposure: A link to amphibian limb deformities in nature? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99: 9900-9904. Copyright 2002 National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.